>> 钟 正， 2006， 虚拟道路协同设计中的实时空间信息传输和多维感知方法

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摘 要

　　道路勘测设计是一个非常复杂的过程，需要不同专业设计者的参与，是一个多专业协同设计过程。设计方案受多种因素的影响，重大工程的设计失误将为国家带来巨大的经济损失。目前道路设计质量的控制手段主要是依靠专家的经验、智慧与才能，很难对其做出客观全面的评价。从政府官员到设计规划人员、地理学家、林学家、旅游专家以及心理学家，乃至公众参与在三维可视化环境下，对道路进行规划、设计、评价、感知，正成为“绿色通道”、“旅游道路”和“生态公路”建设的迫切要求。虚拟道路协同设计是国际学术研究的前沿和热点问题。

　　虚拟道路协同设计需要协调道路勘测设计中不同专业的目标、规划、知识和动作等，支持多专业、多用户并行交互地进行协同设计工作。针对虚拟道路协同设计环境中多专业协同工作与多种类型数据的共享与互操作问题，提出了一种虚拟道路协同设计环境的总体技术框架，采用集成线性参照系统的道路空间数据管理方法，解决了传统虚拟环境中只能处理一个固定属性数据集的问题。设计了一种Agent模型，将设计模型的空间数据与它们的行为联系起来，解决虚拟道路协同设计环境中的实时空间信息传输与协同感知问题。论文主要研究工作如下：

（1）从道路勘测协同设计的特点、流程、发展现状和对虚拟环境的需求出发，提出了一种虚拟道路协同设计环境的总体技术框架，应用主席－委员模式的会议系统结构，以协同虚拟设计层和协同管理层为核心的系统框架以及分布式加锁等策略实现多用户间的协同管理和数据传输，为勘测设计各参与方之间实现互通互联、按照一定的规则共享信息、协同工作提供一个公共的应用平台。

（2）针对协同设计环境中多用户协同操作和多视图之间的数据共享以及空间信息获取与处理的智能性等关键问题，提出了一种集成线性参照系统的道路空间数据管理方法，建立了线性基准的逻辑道路与空间位置的关联，利用动态分段技术可以很好地表达具有多重属性的线性特征，实现从道路几何数据和对应的各种属性数据间的双向查询，还可动态的描述道路各种属性数据之间的关系。该管理方法有利于虚拟环境下对设计方案进行评估、分析。

（3）为了解决虚拟道路协同设计环境中的实时空间信息传输问题，设计了一种Agent模型，既能描述模型的三维空间特征，也具备推理功能的行为模型，将设计模型的空间数据与设计行为联系起来；将虚拟环境中的所有Agent模型按照空间关系组织成Agent社群，使得多Agent系统和虚拟环境紧密耦合；提出了一种基于KQML（knowledge query and manipulation language）的Agent通信机制，解决了虚拟环境中Agent之间通信的内容与意图的表达方式，实现虚拟环境中多Agent之间的协同操作；针对多用户实时同步协同设计的需要，采用动态数据格式交换对对象操作进行交互，基于Agent完成本地环境的状态更新与同步，实现多用户间实时空间信息传输。

（4）针对虚拟道路协同设计环境中的多维感知问题，首先提出了一种虚拟环境集成道路CAD数据的方法，将道路设计的几何模型数据、属性信息与周围地形数据在虚拟环境中统一管理和表达，为多用户协同操作提供共享设计信息；其次讨论了虚拟环境与道路CAD的协同模式，提出一种基于Facade模式和Agent连结虚拟环境的对象数据库与道路CAD系统，自治地执行监测环境中对象的变化；通过Agent含有的两组数据与环境感知器、执行器以及推理组件，提供用于感觉、知觉、概念、假设和行为的知识，主动更新虚拟道路环境中的模型数据，实现多用户间的智能交互与协同多维感知；最后举例说明设计Agent的推理过程构造出与其他Agent交互的知识库模型，采用FBS模型表示环境中设计对象的意图和实际功能，运用XML描述Agent的各个部分，利用其局部更新能力，完成不同推理过程的数据交换、通信，实现对设计环境中协同操作的感知。

为了验证上述研究成果，建立了一个道路勘测设计的协同虚拟环境—CoRoadVR，具备了协同设计的基本功能，实现了多用户异地实时设计、协作管理、协同信息显示与控制、网上交谈和基于Agent可视化环境中设计对象更新的智能性等。实验表明，该系统能满足实时协同设计的需要，系统的快速响应性能和稳定性较好。

关键词： 道路工程，协同设计，虚拟环境，Agent，Agent社群，协同感知

Abstract

Road surveying and designis a very complex process, whichrequiresdifferent professional participants. It is also a process of multi-professional collaborative design, which is affected by different kinds of factors. The unsuccessful design of an important engineering would bring huge economical expense to our country. Now the way which can guarantee the quality of design depends on the experience of experts. So this way cannot evaluate the design scientifically. It’s becoming an urgent need for government official, planning designer, geographer, forestry export,travel export, psychologist, and evenpublic to participate planning, designing, evaluating and sensing the route in virtual design environment. The collaborative designs in a virtual road environment become fascinating works increasingly.

The collaborative designs in a virtual road environment need mediate different professional goals, plans, knowledge and actions in road survey and design, and support multi-discipline and multi-users to implement parallel interactive collaborative design. The dissertation puts forward a type of whole technical framework of Virtual Road Collaborative Design Environment (VRCDE), in order to solve multidisciplinary collaborative design and many kinds of data share and interoperability. The framework manages the spatial data by integrating linear reference system (LRS). Moreover the dissertation designs an agent model, which not only can describe spatial characteristics and attributes of geometric models, but also has a reasoning component according to the rules within a knowledge set. The functions of the reasoning component include sensation, perception, conception, hypothesizer and action. Agent models are used to solve the key problem for real-time spatial information transferring and multi-dimensional perception in VRCDE. The main research work of this dissertation is as follows:

（1）Based on the characters, procedure, development of road collaborative surveying and design and the requirement of virtual environment, the dissertation puts forward a whole technical framework of VRCDE, which applies the architecture of chairman-committeeman pattern to it. The pattern is based on collaborative visualization layer, collaborative management layer framework and distributed locking mechanism technologies, and realizes the collaborative management and data transferring for multiple participants.

（2）To solve multi-user collaborative operations, data share among multiple views,and intelligence in spatial information acquisition and handling in VRCDE, the dissertation puts forward a management way integrating linear reference system. Based on LRS, the relationship between the linear coordinate and spatial coordinate are built. Dynamic segmentation can represent the linear character of multiple attributes, realize the bi-query between road’s geometry data and attribute data. The way facilitatesevaluating and analyzing the road design in VRCDE.

（3）To solve the real-time spatial information transferring in VRCDE, the dissertation designs an agent model, which connects spatial data of design model with its behavior. Each agent model comprises the geometric model of describing the objects’ spatial characteristics, the behavior model with reasoning function. Moreover, the dissertation puts forward a way to organize agent models to agent communities according to the object’s spatial relationship, which make multi-Agent system and virtual environment tightly couple. The dissertation puts forward a communication mechanism based on KQML. The mechanism solves communication content and intent among agents in VRCDE. For design results are exchanged by dynamic data format，state updating and synchronization in VDE are implemented through messages communication among agents in VRCDE.

（4）Collaborative awareness is a very important aspect in VRCDE First the dissertation puts forward a way for VRCDE to integrate data in road CAD system, which integrates geometric data and attribute information of design model and terrain data for uniform management and representation. Then, the dissertation discusses a collaborative mode between two systems, and puts forward a way to connect virtual environment’s spatial database with road CAD system based on Facade pattern and agent model, and agent can autonomously implement monitoring object changes in virtual environment. Agent models realize intelligent interactivity, multi-dimensional collaborative perception, active updating, and the share of models’ data among multi-users. Finally an example illustrates agent reasoning procedure in VRCDE. The agents construct and maintain a representation of the relevant objects in VRCDE using a Function-Behavior-Structure formalism in order to reason about the intended and actual functions of the designed objects in VRCDE. XML is applied to describe agent’s sensor, effector and reasoning processes, and facilitates reasoning process to exchange data and communicate, realizes the perception to cooperate in VRCDE.

This dissertation designs a prototype system for VRCDE on road survey and design. The system implements multi-user different-place real-time design, cooperative management, collaborative information display and control, internet conversation and design object updating intelligence in agent-based VE. The practice proves that the system can meet the requirements about real-time collaborative design, quick response, well robustness, and achieve the basic goal.

Key words: road engineering, collaborative design, virtual environment, agent, agent community, collaborative awareness