>> 《Geospatial Information Technology for Emergency Response》简述

Part 5 Integration of heterogeneous data

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Integrated emergency management: Experiences and challenges of
a national geospatial information provider, Ordnance Survey　

C.J. Parker
Research & Innovation, Ordnance Survey, United Kingdom

R. MacFarlane
Training & Doctrine, Emergency Planning College, Cabinet Office Civil
Contingencies Secretariat, The Hawkhills, Easingwold, York

C. Phillips
Research & Innovation, Ordnance Survey, United Kingdom

ABSTRACT: The approach to emergency preparation, response and recovery in the United Kingdom is one of Integrated Emergency Management (IEM). The IEM framework is intended to cover the preparation for and to have the capabilities to respond to, and recover from, a range of potential emergencies. The Civil Contingencies Act (2004), the result of a review of previous emergency management experience, delivers a single framework for UK civil protection to better meet new potential emergency situations in a changing global environment.With respect to the UK IEM framework, this chapter has two objectives.
The first objective is to consider the nature of the IEM framework in the UK. It reviews and describes the underpinning processes (anticipate, assess, prevent, prepare, respond, recover), supporting legislation, and organisational command, control and decision-making structures. Importantly, it describes the information requirements and characteristics of information flow and use throughout the framework.
The second objective is to consider the role of a national GI provider, Ordnance Survey, within IEM in working towards providing ease of access and ease of use of GI at the point and time of need. The second part of the chapter summarises Ordnance Survey’s national GI provider role and responsibilities within an IEM context. The Mapping for Emergencies scheme and pan-government purchasing, access and data-sharing agreements are described. The Digital National Framework (DNF) – a spatial framework for integrating GI in UK is described. Trends in the development of information and communications technology, GIS and related technologies are considered in terms of recent developments in data capture and representation at Ordnance Survey. Finally, future needs of GI for IEM are considered where research at Ordnance Survey is described into user-centred task analysis, automating change detection, 3- and 4-D data structures, generalization, web services, and semantic reference systems. Three prototypes illustrate how technology and GI may combine in the near future to provide the user within the IEM domain greater ease of access and ease of use at the time and point of need.